Measles

• Cause: Infection by the measles virus.

• Contagiousness: Extremely high; spreads mainly through respiratory droplets and airborne transmission.

• Symptoms: High fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, followed by a red rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.

• Complications: Can lead to pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death in severe cases.

Rubella (German Measles)

• Cause: Infection by the rubella virus.

• Contagiousness: Lower than measles but still spreads via respiratory droplets.

• Symptoms: Mild fever, red rash (smaller and usually less itchy than measles), and sometimes swollen lymph nodes.

• Special Concern: If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, it can severely harm the fetus, causing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which can result in heart defects, blindness, deafness, and other serious conditions.

Who Should Get Vaccinated?

• Children: According to national immunization schedules, the first dose of the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella) is usually given at 12 months of age, with a booster shot at 4–6 years old.

• Adults without prior vaccination or unknown immunity: Especially important for women planning pregnancy and individuals working in healthcare, education, or travel industries.

• Before traveling abroad: Vaccination is recommended before traveling to regions where measles is still common, such as parts of Africa and Asia.